Esmail Merat ( fa, اسماعیل مرآت; 7 March 1893 – 18 December 1949) was Iran's minister of education during

Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...

reign. He is founder of some faculties of

university of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

, including law faculty and technical faculty. He has also founded art section of

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

. He suggested a change in medical university law, which caused managing Tehran hospital under medical faculty. In 1956, in respect of his valuable works, one of university streets named to his name. He was very eager to publish suitable educational books, which results in more than 200 high school books. Founding

Academy of Persian Language and Literature The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) ( fa, فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی, ''Farhangestân-e Zabân-o Adab-e Fârsi'') is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly know ...

was another organization which founded because of his suggestion and due to

command.

Education and early life

Esmail born in September 1939 in

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

. His father was Mirza Musa Khan Meratolmamalek. He finished his undergraduate education in Tehran and after that he went to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

in 1892 to continue his education. After passing few years in

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

and

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, because of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

and consequent difficulties, returned to Iran.

Career

In 1915, the ministry of education asked him and other students who returned from Europe to work in Dar ul-Funun as a teacher. Three years later, in 1918, he became minister of higher-teacher house of Iran. He was also teaching physics in this institute. In September 1928, he accompanied student expedition as head of their elementary education to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

. In Paris,

Hossein Ala' Hosein Alā ( fa, حسین علاء; 13 December 1881 – 12 July 1964) was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister in 1951 and from 1955 to 1957. Background He was born in 1882 in Tehran and spent his early years in London. He was ed ...

asked him to stay there as Iranian students administrator and he accepted. While he was Iranian students administrator in France, he paid particular attention to students' behavior, which caused some students and employees to feel resentment. In 1935, he has selected as head of higher education of

Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...

. After few months he abdicated this position and start working in ministry of economic affairs and finance. In 1937, he became governor of

Kerman Kerman ( fa, كرمان, Kermân ; also romanization of Persian, romanized as Kermun and Karmana), known in ancient times as the satrapy of Carmania, is the capital city of Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 821,394, in ...

for 9 months. After resignation of Aliasghar Hekmat from his position, Esmail selected as his successor in July 1938. He officially started his work as minister of education on September 20, 1939. He was in this position till September 1941. Later in 1941,

Mohammad Ali Foroughi Mohammad Ali Foroughi ( fa, محمدعلی فروغی; early August 1877 – 26 or 27 November 1942), also known as Zoka-ol-Molk ( Persian: ذُکاءُالمُلک), was a writer, diplomat and politician who served three terms as Prime Mini ...

asked him to return to his position, but he didn't accept because of hard working condition in those days. By Foroughi's insistence, he accepted to work as

Minister of health and medical education The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) has executive responsibility for health and medical education within the Iranian government. The MOHME comprises five departments headed by deputy ministers: # Research and Technology #Educati ...

. He resigned on November 12, 1941.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Merat, Esmail Chancellors of the University of Tehran 1893 births 1949 deaths Politicians from Tehran Government ministers of Iran Iranian governors Education ministers of Iran

Education and early life

Career

See also

References